At its most northerly point Greenland is only 740km from the North Pole, and from there southwards it spans an enormous area – over 2 million km². Unfortunately that space is largely uninhabitable ice, with the Inuit-majority population recorded at just over 56,000. This makes Greenland the least densely populated dependency or country in the world.

In some of the stitched-together satellite photos you can see Greenland’s huge seasonal shift.

Ittoqqortoormiit, one of Greenland’s most remote towns, has a population of just 469. Coincidentally, this is also the number of people in the world who can correctly pronounce the town’s name.

Having an iceberg sitting outside your bedroom window must be an odd experience.

On the mid-west coast of the island we find Thule Air Base, which is part of the US Air Force’s global early warning system, and their northernmost air base.

In 1968 a B-52 bomber crashed near the base, and there was some debate as to whether all the nuclear warheads were accounted for in the cleanup operation.

Even further north is Siorapaluk, which is the northernmost settlement in Greenland, and the whole of the American continent. During the height of summer the sun will stay in the sky for weeks on end.

Despite the name, Greenland has just one forest at Tasermiut Fjord, north of Nanortalik. After numerous failed attempts at forestry dating back to 1892, these willow and birch trees were planted in 1960 and first successfully harvested in 2005.

Naturally there’s loads of information about Greenland on Wikipedia, but I encourage you to explore the satellite imagery of Greenland’s frozen fjords, as there are some spectacular images to be found.

Locations: Greenland / Categories: Islands, Natural Landmarks

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Uunartoq Qeqertaq (Greenlandic for The Warming Island) lies a few hundred metres off the northern tip of Liverpool Land, a peninsula on Greenland’s eastern coast. Virtually all historical observations showed glacial ice connecting the distinctive W-shaped land form to the mainland, and geographers assumed that it was just an extension of the peninsula. Zooming out in Google Maps reveals older imagery with the ice still present.

Within the past few years the ice bridge connecting the island to the mainland melted, revealing a strait of open water. The southern part of the island has a mountainous ridge which casts quite a spectacular shadow!

Controversy surrounds the island, with both sides of the climate debate claiming it as proof that their theories are correct. The first hint that it might be a separate island was published in the 1950s when photographer Ernst Hofer surveyed the area and showed the W shape not linked to the mainland. Those who don’t believe in climate change point to this ‘evidence’ from more than 50 years ago to try to prove that recent changes cannot be blamed on global warming. However others believe that Hofer’s map was inaccurate, with clear errors found in surrounding locations.

Climate change believers blame global warming for the significant and well-documented reduction in ice coverage in the region starting about ten years ago. Uunartoq Qeqertaq was confirmed to be a separate island by explorer Dennis Schmitt in 2005. His observations were supported by a comparison of US Geological Survey images. Google’s images reveal icebergs and interesting striation of ice in one of the bays.

Each arm of the W is several kilometres long and over millennia the rock has been formed by ice into narrow peaks which give a lovely interplay between light and shadow when seen from above.

Controversy continued earlier this year when The Times Atlas of the World published a new map of Greenland. While it correctly showed Uunartoq Qeqertaq as an island, the map also depicted an overall 15% reduction  in ice coverage. This vastly overstated the true decrease (which was about 2%) and gave climate skeptics more ammunition to argue that global warming scientists are incorrect.

Putting aside any debate, as the ice continues to melt we can expect to see more ‘Warming Islands’ appearing off Greenland and in other ice-covered areas of the world. Read more about this story at Science Magazine, and learn more about Uunartoq Qeqertaq at Wikipedia and the New York Times.

Locations: Greenland / Categories: Islands, Natural Landmarks, Shadows

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Thanks: Juha Vierinen

Locations: Greenland / Categories: Natural Landmarks

View in Google Earth